When a headache, fever, or muscle ache strikes, many Americans turn to over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen, sold under the brand name Tylenol, or ibuprofen, found in products like Advil and Motrin. While both medications can reduce pain and fever, health experts say choosing the right one depends on the source of the discomfort.
Ibuprofen belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. These medications work by reducing inflammation, making them especially effective for conditions involving swelling, including muscle strains, sprains, toothaches, and some forms of joint pain. Experts also say ibuprofen may provide better relief for menstrual cramps because it reduces the production of compounds that trigger uterine contractions.
Acetaminophen, by contrast, is often recommended for pain that is not primarily caused by inflammation, such as many headaches. It is also generally considered a safer option for people with certain cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or kidney conditions because it has fewer side effects and drug interactions than ibuprofen.
For cold, flu, and COVID-19 symptoms, either medication can help lower fever and ease body aches. Ibuprofen may be preferable for sore throats because it can reduce inflammation and swelling, while acetaminophen remains a widely used option for fever control.
Research has also found that combining acetaminophen and ibuprofen for short periods can provide stronger pain relief than either medication alone, particularly after surgery or for severe dental pain. A recent study found that the combination outperformed some prescription opioid-based treatments following wisdom tooth extraction.
Both medications carry risks if used improperly. Taking too much acetaminophen can cause serious liver damage and should be avoided by people with significant liver disease or heavy alcohol use unless advised by a physician. Health experts also warn that acetaminophen is found in many cold and flu medicines, increasing the risk of accidental overdose.
Ibuprofen can increase the risk of stomach bleeding, kidney problems, and cardiovascular complications, particularly in people with heart disease, high blood pressure, or a history of stroke. It can also interact with blood thinners and some blood pressure medications.
Pregnant women are generally advised to avoid ibuprofen, especially later in pregnancy. Acetaminophen remains the preferred first-line treatment for pain and fever during pregnancy when used as directed.
Source: WAPO