Health officials are raising concerns as measles cases continue to increase both globally and within the United States. The Pennsylvania Department of Health (DOH) has confirmed two cases in the state, urging residents to stay vigilant and ensure they are vaccinated.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a nationwide health advisory on March 7, warning of a surge in measles cases. A significant outbreak in Texas has spread into New Mexico, resulting in two deaths. Pennsylvania’s cases involve a Montgomery County resident and a Philadelphia resident, both of whom contracted the virus while traveling internationally.
Measles, a highly contagious airborne virus, spreads through respiratory droplets and remains infectious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves the area. Symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes), and a signature red rash that starts on the face and spreads downward. The disease can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and even death.
According to the CDC, as of March 6, the U.S. has recorded 222 measles cases across 12 states, including Pennsylvania.
The DOH is emphasizing the importance of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is 97% effective with two doses. “Getting vaccinated is far safer than contracting measles,” said Pennsylvania Secretary of Health Dr. Debra L. Bogen. “We strongly urge everyone, especially international travelers, to ensure they are up to date on their MMR vaccinations.”
Infants aged 6–11 months traveling internationally are encouraged to receive an early dose of the MMR vaccine.
Health officials are advising doctors to be on high alert for measles symptoms, particularly in unvaccinated patients or those with recent travel history. The incubation period for measles ranges from 7 to 21 days, with symptoms appearing about two weeks after exposure.
Those at higher risk include:
- Infants too young for vaccination
- People born after 1957 who have not received two doses of the MMR vaccine
- Individuals with weakened immune systems
Anyone experiencing a fever, rash, cough, or conjunctivitis should seek medical attention immediately but should call ahead before visiting a healthcare facility to prevent exposure to others.
Vaccines have played a critical role in reducing measles cases worldwide, with the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine proving to be highly effective. Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide 97% protection against measles, while a single dose offers 93% immunity. Widespread vaccination has significantly decreased the number of measles cases over the past few decades, preventing severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. However, for vaccines to effectively prevent outbreaks, at least 95% of a community needs to be immunized to maintain herd immunity. When vaccination rates drop, even slightly, the risk of outbreaks increases.
The resurgence of measles is largely attributed to unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals, with pockets of low vaccine coverage creating vulnerabilities for community transmission. Health officials stress the importance of staying up to date with vaccinations, particularly for those traveling internationally, to prevent further spread of the highly contagious virus.
Hospitals and healthcare providers are urged to immediately report suspected measles cases to the DOH at 1-877-PA-HEALTH (877-724-3258) for rapid testing and containment measures.
In addition to vaccination, the DOH is recommending post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for individuals exposed to measles. The MMR vaccine can prevent infection if administered within 72 hours of exposure, and immune globulin (IG) can reduce disease severity if given within six days.
For travelers, the CDC advises checking for ongoing measles outbreaks in their destination country and ensuring they are vaccinated at least two weeks before departure.
Stay informed and protected. For the latest updates on measles outbreaks and vaccination guidelines, visit www.cdc.gov/measles.