Norovirus, often referred to as “a stomach bug” or “stomach flu,” is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. It is not related to influenza and is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States.
According to the CDC, norovirus affects 19 to 21 million Americans annually, with outbreaks occurring most frequently between November and April. The virus spreads rapidly through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or direct contact with an infected person. Even microscopic particles of feces or vomit can transmit the virus.
Symptoms typically appear within 12 to 48 hours of exposure and last for one to three days. While most people recover at home with rest and hydration, norovirus causes approximately 109,000 hospitalizations and 900 deaths in the U.S. each year, primarily among older adults and young children.
“Norovirus is the most common cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis worldwide,” said Dr. Shane Eikenberry of Greater Pittsburgh Medical Associates-UPMC. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing with soap and water, thorough cleaning of contaminated surfaces, and proper handling of food.
There is no specific treatment or vaccine for norovirus. Staying hydrated is crucial, as dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea is a common complication. Severe cases may require medical attention.
To reduce the risk of spreading the virus, those infected should stay home for at least two days after symptoms subside and avoid food preparation during this time. Preventative hygiene and caution are essential, as the virus can remain contagious for weeks after recovery.
For more information or medical care, contact your healthcare provider.
Source: UPMC Health